Our History

Monroe County, West Virginia, was established in 1799 from parts of Greenbrier County and was named after James Monroe, who later became the fifth president of the United States. The county is located in the southeastern part of the state, bordering Virginia, and has a rich history tied to agriculture, early American settlement, and the Civil War.

Early Settlement and Development

Before European settlement, the area that became Monroe County was inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Shawnee. European settlers, primarily of Scotch-Irish and German descent, began arriving in the mid-18th century, drawn by the region’s fertile land and abundant natural resources. Farming quickly became the backbone of the local economy, with livestock, grain, and later apple orchards playing a major role in its development.

19th Century and Civil War Era

During the early 19th century, Monroe County remained largely rural and agriculturally driven. The county seat, Union, became an important local hub, known for its historic courthouse and antebellum architecture. Like much of western Virginia, Monroe County was divided in its loyalties during the Civil War. Though West Virginia broke away from Virginia and joined the Union in 1863, Monroe County had strong Confederate sympathies. Several small skirmishes and troop movements occurred in the region, and Union and Confederate forces both passed through the area.

20th Century to Present

Throughout the 20th century, Monroe County maintained its rural character, with agriculture continuing to be a dominant industry. The introduction of modern farming methods and improved transportation allowed for the growth of dairy farming, cattle raising, and apple orchards. Unlike many counties in West Virginia, Monroe has never had significant coal or industrial development, which has helped preserve its small-town atmosphere and natural beauty.

Today, Monroe County is known for its scenic landscapes, outdoor recreation, and historic landmarks. It remains a largely agricultural and tourism-driven community, with attractions like the Hanging Rock Raptor Observatory, which offers stunning mountain views and excellent bird-watching opportunities. The county also values its rich heritage, with well-preserved historic buildings, Civil War sites, and a strong community spirit.

Despite its small population and rural setting, Monroe County continues to attract visitors and residents who appreciate its history, beauty, and peaceful way of life.